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The legal term “genocide” refers to certain acts committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group.
In addition to genocide, there are a number of other large-scale, systematic crimes committed against civilian populations that fall under the category of “mass atrocities.”
Learn more about the serious, violent crimes that do not fall under the specific definition of genocide.
"Final Solution": Overview
Source: Holocaust Encyclopedia
Type: Article
The term “Final Solution of the Jewish Question” was a euphemism used by Nazi Germany’s leaders. It referred to the mass murder of Europe’s Jews. It brought an end to policies aimed at encouraging or forcing Jews to leave the German Reich and other parts of Europe. Those policies were replaced by systematic annihilation.
Genocide of European Roma (Gypsies), 1939–1945
Source: Holocaust Encyclopedia
Type: Article
The Nazis viewed Romani peoples as racially inferior and as social outsiders. During World War II, the Nazis and their allies and collaborators perpetrated a genocide of European Roma. They shot tens of thousands of Romani people in occupied eastern Poland, the Soviet Union, and Serbia. They also murdered thousands more Roma from western and central Europe in killing centers.
"Final Solution": In Depth
Source: Holocaust Encyclopedia
Type: Article
Incitement to Genocide in International Law
Source: Holocaust Encyclopedia
Type: Article
Genocide Timeline
Source: Holocaust Encyclopedia
Type: Article
How Were the Crimes Defined?
Source: Holocaust Encyclopedia
Type: Article
After World War II, the victorious Allies took the unprecedented step of creating an International Military Tribunal (IMT) to hold German leaders individually accountable for violations of international law. The Nuremberg tribunal laid the foundation for a new system of international criminal law and accountability that continues developing today.