Jewish refugee children—part of a Children's Transport (Kindertransport)—from Vienna, Austria, arrive at Harwich. Great Britain, December 12, 1938. Photograph »

Two Austrian refugee children, part of a group of predominantly Jewish refugee children on a Children's Transport (Kindertransport), upon their arrival in Great Britain. Harwich, Great Britain, December 12, 1938. Photograph »

Jewish girls from French transit camps take refuge at the Children's Aid Society (OSE) home "Maison des Pupilles de la Nation." Some of the children are in flight, en route to Switzerland. Aspet, France, June-August 1942. Photograph »

Jewish refugee youth from French transit camps at the Children's Aid Society (OSE) home "Maison des Pupilles de la Nation." Some of the children are in flight, en route to Switzerland. Aspet, France, June-August 1942. Photograph »

Jewish parachutist Hannah Szenes with her brother, before leaving for a rescue mission. Palestine, March 1944. Photograph »

Group of Jewish parachutists under British command including Haviva Reik (center), who was sent into Slovakia. Palestine, wartime. Photograph »

Zvi Ben-Yaakov (left) and Haviva Reik (center), Jewish parachutists under British command. Their mission was to aid the Jews in Czechoslovakia, where they were caught by the Nazis and executed. Palestine, before September 1944. Photograph »

Aliyah Bet ("illegal" immigration) ship "Parita," carrying 850 Jewish refugees, lands on a sandbank off the Tel Aviv coast. The British arrested the passengers and interned them at Atlit detention camp. Palestine, August 21, 1939. Photograph »

Aliyah Bet ("illegal" immigration) ship "Tiger Hill," carrying Jewish refugees from Europe, lands in Tel Aviv, Palestine. Jewish residents of Palestine greet the ship. September 1, 1939. Photograph »

Jewish refugees on board the Aliyah Bet ("illegal" immigration) ship "Atratto." The ship was caught by the British off the coast of Jaffa, Palestine, and escorted to Haifa port. July 17, 1939. Photograph »

Rabbi Michael Dov Weissmandel, leader of the Working Group (Pracovna Skupina), a Jewish underground group devoted to the rescue of Slovak Jewry. Czechoslovakia, date uncertain. Photograph »

Jewish refugees, part of Brihah—the postwar flight of Jews—in line at a relief center. They are en route to the Allied occupation zones in Germany and Austria. Nachod, Czechoslovakia, 1946. Photograph »

Boxes of matzah in a Joint Distribution Committee warehouse before distribution to Jewish survivors in displaced persons camps. Place uncertain, postwar. Photograph »

An agricultural training farm to prepare Jewish refugees for life in Palestine, sponsored by the Joint Distribution Committee. Fuerth, Germany, June 13, 1946. Photograph »

Jewish refugees line up to receive food provided by the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) after the war. Shanghai, China, 1945-1946. Photograph »