Street scene following the German occupation of the city of Lvov. Lvov, Poland, June 1941. Photograph »

A mass grave dug by Jewish forced laborers for the bodies of individuals murdered by the NKVD in Lvov prisons. The NKVD (Soviet secret police) murdered thousands of Ukrainian nationalists, as well as some Jews and Poles, before retreating from the Nazi invasion. The Germans and their Ukrainian collaborators then used the massacre as a pretext for anti-Jewish pogroms, claiming that the Jews had helped the secret police. Lvov, Poland, July 3, 1941. Photograph »

Scene during a pogrom against the Jews of Lvov. Poland, 1941. Photograph »

Members of the Lvov Jewish council are hanged by the Germans. Lvov, Poland, September 1942. Photograph »

Shoes of victims in the Janowska camp were found by Soviet forces after the liberation of Lvov. Janowska, Poland, August 1944. Photograph »