Masses of rich archival material that have become available since the dissolution of the Soviet Union have provided new insight into previously under-researched aspects of the Holocaust on Soviet territory. In this symposium, scholars discuss the initial effects of the Nazi occupation on Jewish communities; the centralized and local initiatives that culminated in the mass murder of Soviet Jewry; the murder, mass starvation, and forced labor of Soviet prisoners of war; the participation of Jews in the Soviet war effort; and the impact of the Holocaust on the postwar Soviet Union. Left: Young mother and her two children among a large group of Jews from Lubny, Ukraine, assembled for mass execution by the Nazis, 1941. Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv, Wiesbaden, Germany