Fritzie Weiss Fritzshall

Born 1929, Klucarky, Czechoslovakia

Fritzie's father emigrated to the U.S., but by the time he could bring his family over, war had begun and Fritzie's mother feared attacks on transatlantic shipping. Fritzie, her mother, and two brothers were eventually sent to Auschwitz. Her mother and brothers died. Fritzie survived by pretending to be older than her age and thus a stronger worker. On a death march from Auschwitz, Fritzie ran into a forest, where she was later liberated.

Describes the death march from Auschwitz.

Lily Applebaum Lublin Malnik

Born 1928, Antwerp, Belgium

Germany invaded Belgium in 1940. After the Germans seized her mother, sister and brother, Lily went into hiding. With the help of friends and family, Lily hid her Jewish identity for two years. But, in 1944, Lily was denounced by some Belgians and deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau via the Mechelen camp. After a death march from Auschwitz, Lily was liberated at Bergen-Belsen by Canadian and U.S. forces.

Describes the death march from Auschwitz to Bergen-Belsen.

Steven Springfield

Born 1923, Riga, Latvia.

The Germans occupied Riga in 1941, and confined the Jews to a ghetto. In late 1941, about 28,000 Jews from the ghetto were massacred at the Rumbula forest. Steven and his brother were sent to a small ghetto for able-bodied men. In 1943 Steven was deported to the Kaiserwald camp and sent to a nearby work camp. In 1944 he was transferred to Stutthof and forced to work in a shipbuilding firm. In 1945, Steven and his brother survived a death march and were liberated by Soviet forces.

Describes a 1945 death march from Burggraben to Gottendorf.

Thomas Buergenthal

Pinchas Gerszonowicz

Lily Applebaum Lublin Malnik