Vladka (Fagele) Peltel Meed

Born 1923, Warsaw, Poland

Vladka belonged to the Zukunft youth movement of the Bund (the Jewish Socialist party). She was active in the Warsaw ghetto underground as a member of the Jewish Fighting Organization (Z.O.B.). In December 1942, she was smuggled out to the Aryan, Polish side of Warsaw to try to obtain weapons and to find hiding places for Jewish children and adults. She became a courier for the Jewish underground and for Jews in camps, forests, and in other ghettos.

Describes a deportation of Jews (including her mother and brother) from Warsaw.

Ruth Moser Borsos

Born 1923, Frankfurt, Germany

Ruth moved to the Netherlands after Kristallnacht (the "Night of Broken Glass") in 1938. She and her father had permits to sail to the United States, but Germany invaded the Netherlands in May 1940 and they could not leave. Ruth was deported to the Westerbork camp in 1943 and to the Bergen-Belsen camp in Germany in 1944. After an exchange agreement with the Allies broke down, Ruth was interned near the Swiss border until liberation by French forces in 1945.

Describes the process of selection for deportations from Westerbork to Auschwitz.

Bart Stern

Born in Hungary in 1926

Following the German occupation of Hungary in 1944, Bart was forced into a ghetto established in his home town. From May to July 1944, the Germans deported Jews from Hungary to the Auschwitz killing center in occupied Poland. Bart was deported by cattle car to Auschwitz. At Auschwitz, he was selected to perform forced labor, drilling and digging in a coal mine. As Soviet forces advanced toward the Auschwitz camp in January 1945, the Germans forced most of the prisoners on a death march out of the camp. With a number of ill prisoners who were in the camp infirmary, Bart was one of the few inmates who remained in the camp at the time of liberation.

Describes deportation by cattle car to the Auschwitz camp.

Majlech Kisielnicki

Kato Dicker Nagy

Zuzana Grünberger