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NAZI PERSECUTION OF HOMOSEXUALS 1933-1945

ARTICLE 6 — INDECENCY BETWEEN MEN

From Reich Ministry of the Interior, Reichgesetzblatt, Part I (1935): USHMM Collection

Cover of the September 1931 issue of <i>The Island</i>, a magazine for homosexuals, edited by Martin Radzuweit.  Although illegal, homosexuality was generally tolerated in pre-Nazi Germany, particularly in urban areas.  Some 30 literary, cultural, and political journals for homosexual readers appeared during the Weimar era.
A 1907 political cartoon depicting sex-researcher Magnus Hirschfeld, ‘Hero of the Day,’ drumming up support for the abolition of Paragraph 175 of the German penal code that criminalized homosexuality.  The banner reads, ‘Away with Paragraph 175!’  The caption reads, ‘The foremost champion of the third sex!’
Prisoners at forced labor in the Mauthausen concentration camp.  Beginning in 1943, homosexuals were among those in concentration camps who were killed in an SS-sponsored “extermination through work” program.
German police file photo of a man arrested in October 1937 for suspicion of violating Paragraph 175.
Operating room in Barrack R1 of sick-bay in Sachsenhausen concentration camp.  After November 1942, concentration camp commandants were authorized to order the castration of prisoners in unspecified, “special cases,” thus permitting the compulsory castration of incarcerated homosexuals.
“Solidarity.”  Richard Grune lithograph from a limited edition series “Passion des XX Jahrhunderts” (Passion of the 20th Century).  Grune was prosecuted under Paragraph 175 and from 1937 until liberation in 1945 was incarcerated in concentration camps.  In 1947 he produced a series of etchings detailing what he witnessed in the camps.  Grune died in 1983.

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