Genocide, as defined by the 1948 Convention, consists of acts committed with the intent to physically destroy a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group. Crimes against humanity are widespread or systematic attacks against civilians.

DR Congo

Civilians in Congo, particularly in the volatile east, have been wounded, forcibly displaced, conscripted into militias, raped, and killed. It is estimated that 5.4 million people died between 1998 and 2008 as a result of the conflict. More»

South Sudan

With several peaks of violence, the two-decade long conflict cost an estimated 2 million lives. The Dinka, Nuer, and Nuba of central Sudan were the primary victims. More»

Sudan

Each of the wars in Sudan, including the ongoing conflict in Darfur, has been marked by endemic disregard for civilian lives and periods of intensive and widespread targeting of specific groups. These actions constituted genocide in Darfur from 2003-2005. Civilians have been persecuted, displaced, tortured, raped, and killed. More»

Bosnia-Herzegovina

Some Bosniak civilians from Srebrenica sought refuge at a nearby UN base, while a column of men tried to flee to Bosnian government-held territory. Bosnian Serb forces captured men from both groups and killed them. Some 8,000 men and boys were massacred. More»

Rwanda

Tutsi throughout Rwanda were hunted down in their homes, schools, churches, and at roadblocks. In 100 days, at least 500,000 people were killed. More»

Burundi

Violence against civilian groups escalated during the civil war between 1993 and 2005. It is widely believed that as many Tutsi died at the hands of Hutu mobs as Hutu in the course of the government's repression. More»

Chechnya, Russia

After the war began in 1999, civilians who remained in Chechnya, especially men between the ages of 15 and 49, faced the threat of theft, beatings, arrest, torture, and murder by Russian soldiers. More»